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Objective:To evaluate the current situation of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), and to describe the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in key population in Zhejiang Province.Methods:In 2021, a cross-sectional survey on iodine nutrition status of the population was conducted in all 90 counties (cities, districts) in Zhejiang Province. Each county (city, district) was divided into five districts: east, west, south, north, and central. One township (street) was selected from each district, and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township (street) to collect edible salt samples and one random urine sample for salt and urinary iodine testing. The above indicators were stratified and analyzed according to urban, rural, coastal, inland, early pregnancy, mid pregnancy, and late pregnancy.Results:A total of 9 679 pregnant women's salt samples were tested, with a salt iodine content of (20.2 ± 9.2) mg/kg, an iodized salt coverage rate of 84.2% (8 153/9 679), and a qualified iodized salt consumption rate of 80.4% (7 785/9 679). Among them, the qualified iodized salt consumption rate of pregnant women in coastal areas was 69.4% (3 175/4 575), significantly lower than that in inland areas [90.3% (4 610/5 104)]; and the proportion of non iodized salt consumption in coastal areas [25.8% (1 181/4 575)] was significantly higher than inland areas [6.8% (345/5 104)]. A total of 9 679 pregnant women's urine samples were tested, with a median urinary iodine of 133.0 μg/L ( < 150 μg/L). In urban areas, the median urinary iodine (129.8 μg/L) was lower than that in rural areas (135.0 μg/L). Likewise, the median urinary iodine was 126.0 μg/L, lower than inland areas (140.3 μg/L). And as pregnancy progressed, the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women gradually decreased (the median urinary iodine: 137.0 μg/L in early pregnancy, 134.1 μg/L in mid pregnancy, and 129.4 μg/L in late pregnancy).Conclusion:In 2021, pregnant women in Zhejiang Province are in a state of iodine deficiency, and there is a greater risk in urban areas compared to rural areas and coastal areas compared to inland areas.
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Objective@#To investigate the status of iodine nutrition and prevalence of goiter among children at ages of 8 to 10 years in Zhejiang Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into the management of iodine deficiency in children.@*Methods @#A total of 90 counties (districts) were sampled as field survey sites from 11 cities of Zhejiang Province using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in 2021, and non-residential children at ages of 8 to 10 years in these sites were sampled as study subjects. Subjects' household edible salt samples and random urine samples were collected. The iodine content in salt and urinary iodine level were determined using the direct titration method and arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry for evaluation of iodine nutrition among children. In addition, the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland was measured using ultrasound, and the prevalence of goiter was estimated. @*Results@#A total of 19 363 children were recruited, including 9 710 male children and 9 653 female children, with a male to female ratio of 1.01︰1, and there were 10 704 urban children (55.28%) and 8 659 rural children (44.72%), 9 149 children living in coastal areas (47.25%) and 10 214 children in inland regions (52.75%). The mean iodine content was (19.79±9.25) mg/kg in salt, and the coverage of qualified iodized salt (15 252) was 78.77%. The coverage of qualified iodized salt was significantly lower in urban children than in rural children (76.70% vs. 81.21%; χ2=68.301, P<0.001), and was lower in children living in coastal regions than in inland regions (68.05% vs. 88.27%; χ2=1 270.769, P<0.001). The median urinary iodine concentration was 195.1 μg/L, and the household iodine content in salt correlated positively with urinary iodine concentration in children (rs=0.383, P<0.001). There were 2 885 children with iodine deficiency (14.90%), 7 137 children with adequate iodine (36.86%), 5 414 children with excessive iodine intake (27.96%), and 3 927 children with iodine overdose (20.28%), and the distribution of iodine nutrition in children varied significantly in regions (χ2=283.277, P<0.001) and gender (χ2=126.349, P<0.001). The prevalence of goiter was 2.45% among 7 195 children receiving ultrasound examinations, and a higher prevalence rate of goiter was detected in urban children than in rural children (2.76% vs. 2.00%; χ2=3.962, P=0.047). @*Conclusions @#The overall urinary iodine nutrition was adequate among children at ages of 8 to 10 years in Zhejiang Province in 2021, and the prevalence of goiter in children fell within the threshold defined in the criteria of elimination of iodine deficiency. However, the supervision of the iodized salt quality remains to be improved and iodine deficiency control remains to be reinforced.
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Depression is one of the prevalent causes of health-related human suffering and is,first and foremost,a disorder of one of the least-studied biological phenomena:emotion.Therefore,it is critically important to understand emotion,in order to understand the etiology of depression.Chinese medicine is the oldest subject about emotion,has developed a theory about basic emotions and their interactions,and also their roles in causes and therapy in most of human diseases,including mental disorders,such as depression.Nowadays,major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder with cognitive,affective and behavioral symptoms,and has been identified as a leading cause of disability,and affecting about ～17％ of the populations worldwide.Decades of animal and clinical studies have pointed its etiology in dysfunctions in the monoamine transporters.Here we will review some literatures about the relationship between the monoamine neuromodulators and emotional theory in Chinese medicine,which might introduce theoretical perspectives in studies about emotion and depression.
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Objective To investigate the effects of maternal deprivation at different time periods in rat pup development on depressions in adults.Methods Newborn SD rat pups were randomly divided into 5 maternal deprivation groups(n=5 in each group) and one control group (n=7).The rat pups in the maternal deprivation groups were separated from their mother for 6 hours in one day,at p0,p5,p 10,p15,p20 respectively,lasting for five days.Then the rats will be screened for depression at the age of 10 weeks,using different behavioral tests,which included forced swim,coat score,sucrose preference test.Norepinephrine concentration in the cerebral spinal fluid was also measured through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results Maternal deprivation for rat pups induced depression like behavior in adults.The floating time during forced swim test increased from(58.5 ±7.5) s in control group to(p0(75.6±9.4) s,p5(150.4±12.5) s,p10(174.5±14.3) s,p15(155.4±11.4)s,p20 (112.4±10.3) s respectively in maternal deprivation groups;and it was significant different among the groups(P＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group(0.87±0.1),the sucrose preference in maternal deprivation groups decreased(p0 (0.73±0.12),p5 (0.53±0.09),p10 (0.5±0.06),p15 (0.54±0.07),p20 (0.67±0.05)).And the coating scores in maternal deprivation groups decreased from 4.5±0.6 in control group to p0(3.3±0.6),p5 (2.3±0.4),p10 (1.9±0.3),p15 (2.4±0.4),p20 (4.4± 0.4).Finally,maternal deprivation also induced low concentration of catecholamine in the cerebral spinal fluid compared with that in control group (p0 (94.5± 11.5) ％,p5 (78.5± 9.6) ％,p10(67.6±±7.4)％,p1S(64.5±6.6)％,p20(88.5±7.5)％,P＜0.01,n=5-7).Conclusion Maternal deprivation at different lactation periods may induce depression behaviors in rat offspring,and also lead to lower concentration of catecholamine in the cerebral spinal fluid.
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Objective To explore the effect of narrative therapy on family environment and values in adolescents with emotional disorder.Methods 35 adolescents with emotional disorder and their parents from Affiliated Brain Hospital,Nanjing Medical University were enrolled and treated by narrative therapy.Family environment was assessed using Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV)and was compared between pre-and posttherapy.Results 28 adolescents with emotional disorder and their parents completed therapy.The cohesion,independence,intellectual orientation,active-recreation orientation and organization in FES-CV showed higher scores at post-therapy than at pre-therapy ((6.89 ± 2.56) vs.(4.21 ± 3.21) ; (5.54 ± 1.35) vs.(4.68 ± 1.51) ;(4.75±2.07)vs.(3.50±2.12);(4.07±2.65)vs.(2.50±2.32);(3.68±1.77)vs.(2.50±1.62)respectively).The contradict in FES-CV showed lower scores at post-therapy than at pre-therapy ((2.75 ± 2.44) vs (5.25 ± 2.50)).The values of adolescents with emotional disorder and their parents had a positive change after narrative therapy.Conclusion Narrative therapy is effective on the positive change of FES-CV and values of adolescents with emotional disorder and their parents.